In the Catholic tradition, the month of October is dedicated to the Holy Rosary, a contemplative prayer focusing on the life of Jesus Christ through Mary's perspective. This devotion celebrates the Feast of Our Lady of the Rosary on October 7, which commemorates a pivotal 1571 naval victory won by Catholic forces through the power of prayer. Devotions during this month involve reciting the Rosary, meditating on its various Mysteries, and participating in community Rosary prayers, often to seek Mary's intercession and strengthen faith.

Also in October, the Catholic Church in the U.S. celebrates Respect Life Month to promote the inherent dignity of every human life, from conception to natural death. The U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops (USCCB) provides resources, often including a theme and an action guide, to help parishes and individuals learn, pray, and act in building a "culture of life". Activities can include prayers, fasting, attending Respect Life events, and supporting ministries that assist mothers.

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